Any head injury should be reason to sideline a player until the brain has a chance to heal itself after a concussion.) This particular are is cause for concern, especially in younger people like high school football players. (Recent research has shown that re-injury to the brain before an earlier concussion can heal is a factor in even more serious damage. The eye itself can be injured in a similar way by the movement of the vitreous body.Ĭoncussion is dangerous because it can cause bruising of the brain tissue and associated swelling. This is known as coup-contrecoup phenomenon. Additionally, when the skull comes to a sudden stop, the brain can not only be injured on the side that has been impacted, but on the opposite side as well, as the brain bounces back. One of the most common causes of temporary anisocoria is blunt-force trauma to the head, which can occur as the result of sports-related injuries like those that can happen in American football or rugby, or accidents such as those that may occur in automobile crashes or other violent events.Ĭoncussion of the brain may cause unequal pupils if the injury affects certain areas of the brain. Signs of this sight-threatening inflammation include small, fixed pupils and rapidly increased intraocular pressure due to angle-closure glaucoma Eye Injury and Concussion The symptoms of uveitis include eye pain and redness with light sensitivity and nausea. In a significant number of cases, the exact cause of uveitis cannot be determined. In some instances, uveitis (also known as iridocyclitis or iritis) occurs because of a systemic neurological condition, such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, tuberculosis or collagen vascular diseases like lupus. Concussion injuries to the brain are one cause of such differences, for instance. In other circumstances, a difference in pupil size might be an indicator of certain ocular conditions, neurological disease or a sign of brain injury in the case of head trauma. This is called essential anisocoria, and is not a matter for concern at all, just something to be noted for future reference if necessary, particularly if they are different by more than two millimeters or so. It is not uncommon for people to have small observable differences in pupil size from birth this would be like having one foot slightly larger than the other. Pupil dilating drops, used routinely to give eyecare practitioners a better look into the back of the eye, may cause the pupils to dilate to eight millimeters or more, which is why you need to use dark sunglasses afterwards.Īn eyecare practitioner will usually check the size and shape of the pupils during the early part of a comprehensive vision examination, using either a penlight (see figure 1) in normal room illumination, or with an instrument called a direct ophthalmoscope in a darkened room. In bright daylight outdoors, the pupils should contract to two millimeters or less, while they may dilate in a dim-lit restaurant to six or seven millimeters. Normal pupil size in everyday room illumination is about three to five millimeters in diameter. The iris muscles control the size of the pupil, making it larger in dim light and smaller when the light is bright.
The pupil is not actually a structure, but is simply a little window in the center of the colored part of the eye, the iris.
The pupil also contracts when the eye changes focus from far away to close up. Anisocoria is the medical term that simply means the pupils are not equal. Normally, the pupils of the eyes are equal in size, are both round in shape and both react quickly and equally to light and any change of focus.
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